I have recently been rather enthralled by Downton Abbey, well me and the rest of the civilized world. I really like the show very much and it certainly offers a vivid glimpse of the way in which the English world changed in the early decades of the 20th century. Downton presents a very familiar formula for British television, one presented in the 1970s through the series Upstairs, Downstairs. It asks important questions about culture, but perhaps more important questions about personality.
Interestingly, these historical dramas present a very modern idea: That the social standing of people does not really change their essential personality; everyone is basically the same. This democratic ideal would have been quite foreign in the Edwardian world in which these dramas are set, but we have become accustomed to thinking about the valet as the psychological equal to the lord of the manor. Nevertheless, Downton is good drama.
I was interested last week to read an article about Highclere, the manor house where Downton is filmed. Like many aristocratic estates before the show began filming, it had fallen on hard times. The upper floors were completely unusable and the family had to decamp to a cottage on the estate. Interestingly, also the mansion was only built in the middle of the 1800s. It is a new house built by the same architect who designed the neo-Gothic Houses of Parliament in London.
In my meditation on Downton, Season 4, I was remembering the other day a trip I made several years ago to the weekend flea market held in London at Notting Hill Gate. The hundreds of stalls and shops are filled with the paraphernalia of the Downton world. Did you know that there were over 100 kinds of silverware that can be used at the table? These flea market vendors now display the cultural wreckage of a bygone era. It is interesting that something that once meant so much is now reduced to trivia, including perhaps good manners.
In light of my Downton phase, I recently read two books that were very interesting. One was called The Servants by a woman with the highly improbable name of Lucy Lethbridge (O my that was a Violet moment). It is a fascinating treatment of all of the types of servants in the Edwardian household. A house such as Downton might have employed as many as 40 indoor servants, including a potato cook and a boot boy. The book traces the demise of all of these types of servants (you can’t get a decent valet these days). It also traces the way in which life has changed in the aftermath of two world wars. No one changes clothes five times a day like the Crawleys did.
The other book is called The Epicurean Collector and traces the same history through tableware. Again it is a fascinating tribute to the esoterica of another world. It looks at all of the different kinds of bowls and glasses and cups. Here is another example of a civilization gone but hardly forgotten. Why do people flock to Downton on television or DVD? It is the glimpse of a world that is just out of our sight, our great-grandparents’ world. Do we mourn it or do we celebrate its demise?
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I have been around the world, or at least halfway, in the last month or so. I have accompanied our deacons on a pilgrimage to the capitals of Europe, many of them going to these places for the first time. I have had the chance to explore with them the landmarks of culture stretching back for millennia that form the basis of civilizations, at least as we understand them in the West.
I think, in our pilgrimage, we also had the opportunity to witness that these places are not merely museums, but living crucibles of culture in which the proud old mingles, sometimes uncertainly, with the proud new. I think we had the opportunity to witness, perhaps in a different language, what we undoubtedly experience daily here in our own place and time if we are sensitive enough to realize it.
The social dynamic of Europe and the United States is vast and complicated. In the forefront of both cultures is an undying tribute, experienced almost as a secular religion, a tribute to individualism and relativism. We have heard the official message; we know intimately the cadences of its well-rehearsed verses. You can be what you want to be. You can have whatever you desire. You can make your own way in the world, establish your own values. But we realize, don’t we, that the will to power, the will to fortune, the will to importance cannot be achieved as easily as might be expected. The Nietzschean experiment has failed, perhaps failed disastrously.
When we step back from this realization, we understand another truth. There is something below the surface, something hidden beneath the façade of the received party line. There is a kind of nihilism, a lawlessness that comes from the party line but is not a part of it. I call this the Blue Velvet syndrome after David Lynch’s iconic film.
In the film, Lynch looks at a small-town community, a community filled with chipper people, having barbeques, drinking lemonade and watering their yards. There is a wonderful image in the film in which the camera, surveying at first this idyllic landscape then ventures below the surface of the ground showing the deadly colony of insects killing one another, which resides just below the surface.
In the film, he goes further showing how a good man can be drawn into the messy underground, the miasma of life, through the most innocent of circumstances. What is below the surface? Drug addiction, sexual license, poverty, kidnapping, murder, you name it. What is more significant is that the people of this underworld take its reality for granted.
I recently read a novel at the urging of Fr. Christian. The novel was called The Glass Rainbow by James Lee Burke. It was brilliant. It was well written. It was provocative and it made me want to wash my hands after each reading. Burke does not shy away from showing the less-than-seemly side of life in the Louisiana bayous. It is a world of drugs, of corruption and of lies, mostly lies about who we are, what we are doing here, where we are going. It shows a naked America, a vulnerable America and, I suspect, a true America. How did we get to this? How is it that “this” is so far from what we claim?
And then we realize something else. The Blue Velvet world, the Glass Rainbow world is not the underbelly of our wonderful social order; it is the natural extension of an order that aggrandizes individualism. It is the true Nietzschean nightmare.
In Europe, the “behind the scenes” story is largely the product of the residual effects of World War II. Perhaps that is also the case here. Perhaps we are still languishing in the angst of the breakdown of culture signaled by World War II, of boys and girls from Alabama finding their way through the smoking battlefields of Europe and Africa or the seaward minefields of the Pacific. Perhaps World War II wrote the epigraph for our sad modernity.
It certainly was the case for those in Europe who lived in the maelstrom of war. Two aspects of World War II distinguish it from what had gone before. The first was civilian warfare. War was waged in the cities and in the country upon men and women, as well as in the fields among soldiers. The German Luftwaffe bombed the cities of England for eight months, one week and two days relentlessly. The city of London was bombed every night for a period of 57 nights, destroying one million homes and killing 40 thousand civilians.
The story was unfortunately not unique. By the end of the war, most European cities were in ruins, as well as many other towns and villages. The devastation can still be seen in these places 70 years after the war’s end. It was a street war in which the value of human life was so compromised that we might argue today it has never been regained. Did we become too used to seeing death? Did we lose confidence in the God of life? Did secularity gain its horrible foothold in the anomie of death and destruction on my street?
The second event of World War II was the holocaust, an event that still causes confusion, an inability to spin the numbers in our minds, numbers that signaled the deaths of almost 11 million innocent people, Jews, Romani, Communists, homosexuals and other subversives. Just 70 years ago one of the most advanced nations in the world, the Germans invented a way to systematically murder 11 million innocent people. They use medicine and science. They justified it with philosophy and even high culture. They invoked the names of Hegel, Kant and Wagner to accomplish their hatred. It seems distant and remote, and yet among us today are the survivors of the death camps, those incarcerated as children who watched their whole families slaughtered before their eyes.
A number of years ago, I read a book called, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, by the Irish author, John Boyne. I had read a number of his earlier books and liked them very much and I thought I would give this one, ostensibly written for children, a try. I almost could not read it. I could not bear it.
The story of the holocaust is told from the vantage point of a little boy named Bruno who happens to be the son of the commandant of Auschwitz. The little boy doesn’t understand the world around him, but he is nevertheless caught up in it when he goes exploring, only to discover in his backyard, on the other side of a fence, a boy wearing striped pajamas.
The gist of the story is that often the very innocent are caught up in world tragedies. Often those encounters prove momentous, life altering, defining. Tragedy or triumph, there is a call in the book, a strange call in our day and age. It is a call to make a difference and to make it decisively. You have heard me speak many times about one of the main challenges we face today is our inability to make decisive choices. What would our world be like if we went exploring? What would we discover in our backyards?
I have become very interested lately in the story of another Bruno, Fr. Bruno Reynders. I first heard about him from a Benedictine monk who was here on the Hill giving a retreat for the monastic community two years ago. It is interesting that I first heard of him only then, as Fr. Bruno, who was also a Benedictine monk, hailed from Louvain, Belgium, where I lived for four years. Let me tell you a little bit about Fr. Bruno.
Henri Reynders was born in 1903. He spent his early years studying and preparing for an early entry into the Benedictine monastery at Mont Cesar in Louvain. He became Dom Bruno and was later ordained to the priesthood. Eventually, he earned a doctorate in patristic theology from Louvain. He taught in the university and at the monastery. He also spent some time teaching in Germany, where he was exposed very early to the teachings of the National Socialist Party, the Nazis. When the war broke out, Dom Bruno was assigned to work in a home for the blind, but his assignment was a cover. With the permission of his superiors, he was working with the Belgian resistance to rescue Jewish children.
Over the years, he personally escorted hundreds of Jewish children to hiding places, giving them new names, forging identity papers, and risking his life to save children he didn’t even know. In all, he saved the lives of 400 children. For the rest of his long life (he died in the 1970s), much of his great legacy was unknown. Ultimately, at least to him, it didn’t matter. He did what needed to be done. He was a hero without fanfare.
In the end, Fr. Bruno touched the underside of human experience, but he was also able to draw out many who might have been its victims. Isn’t that our goal? We strive to be able to rescue the children of this age, perhaps realizing that we must first rescue ourselves from the jaws of the lion of this age’s savage reality, or perhaps this age’s savage indifference. There is a great deal of work to be done and it is the responsibility of all the Christian people to accomplish it, not priests, not religious, not laity, but all as Newman said; it is the work of the faithful.
We must confront the human experience in all of its complexity. This means that we must learn to respect, to listen to, indeed, to love all of those who are in need, all of those who are untouchable, all of those crying out for dignity, all of those who do not even know they are hurting or in danger of falling into the hell of the world’s devices.
We must engage one another in a fearless manner. There is so much timidity today, even among the Church’s ministers. There is so much temptation to stand back, to look for clarity, to try and understand what is happening. Move. Our daily conversion, which is the necessary component of our evangelical call, requires action.
We must be beacons of hope, not for the righteous, but for the fallen, the sinner, even the deadly sinner, those who have, for whatever reason, already been mangled by the social orbits they inhabit.
If there are two orders to culture today, is there the possibility of a third? I wonder if there is that possibility, perhaps built on the legacy of many people like Dom Bruno. Is there the possibility of adding the evangelical order as a viable reality? Is there the possibility of not merely being a reactionary Church, but instead being a truly great Church that rebuilds, re-forges the Christian message in a new age, a Church that rises up out of the ashes of indifference and the cultural wreckage of the world in which we live?
Isn’t there the possibility, perhaps with heroes as our guides, of finding a new song, a new cadence to bring to bear on a world deafened by the lyrics of a song of corruption, the marching song of an old order? Perhaps we can find a new order, a new Gospel order, an evangelical order.
What is the evangelical order?
It is an inclusive order, a truly Catholic order. It is a world in which all of the children of God find a place at the table. It is a world in which the message of the Gospel is proclaimed clearly and without compromise by its adherers and so becomes a message for others that cannot be put aside. It is a message of love and integrity.
It is an enlightened order. It is an order where truth and goodness and beauty are given credence, a world in which the poor and the outcast are cared for, truly cared for, and in which all injustice is put away in a great intellectual act. It is a world in which everyone has access to learning and the fruits of learning and in which the economic order is directed toward service rather than greed.
It is a compassionate order, an open-hearted order, where we judge with the heart, where we mete out peace with liberality, where we understand that the presence of God in our midst, the Blessed One alive on the altar, is not just for us, but for the world that He came to save. We must help Him save it. It is so in need of saving.
It is a giving order, a serving order. In the novel The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, the main character seeks to serve the needs of his friend on the other side of the fence. He brings him food. But more importantly, he brings him the humanity of friendship and understanding in a hellish place. He doesn’t treat him with charity; he treats him with equality and love until we begin to question which boy is in prison and which one is free. Eventually, the boy behind the fence is also able to give a gift to his friend, but I cannot say what that gift is, at least not now.
It is also a willing order, willing to be crucified on the cross of public opinion, the opinion of a misshapen world. I think about Dom Bruno. I think about the danger he faced every day to help Jewish children. I think about his continually putting his life on the line, not for friends but for strangers, non-Christians, but fellow sojourners. I think about his love in the face of so much hate, his resolve in the face of so much indifference, his faith in the face of so much doubt. Where will we go? Can we learn from the past or shall we merely be victims of it?
Go out to all the world and tell the Good News. There is, after all, so much Good News to tell. -
I have been reading like a madman for the past several weeks, mostly because I have been flying and I have to say I have begun to see all sorts of connections which may or may not be the sign of encroaching insanity.
I have been reading a number of books about literary forgery, two good books on William Henry Ireland, a teenage forger of Shakespeare in the eighteenth century. He was so ambitious to be a great forger that he even faked a whole play of Shakespeare. I have also been reading several books about John Payne Collier, another Shakespeare forger from the nineteenth century.
What is fascinating is that, unlike today, these men were not trying to make a fortune. They were really interested in making Shakespeare better known. It is an interesting cultural take on what we might experience today.
I have also been reading several novels by John Boyne. I have become a huge John Boyne fan. I read his book The Boy in the Striped Pajamas a while back. It will be the subject of my rector’s conferences this semester. I also read for the first time Boyne’s novel The House of Special Purpose, which is a very dramatic story of the assassination of Czar Nicholas II and his family in the wake of the Russian Revolution. Also on the list was This House is Haunted, set in Victorian England and written in a Dickensian manner. Also in the pile was The Absolutist, a World War I story.
What I think is interesting about Boyne is that he moves everywhere. This time he is in Norfolk, now in London, now in Russia, now in Auschwitz. There is something quite audacious about that kind of narrative flexibility.
I also read another book just this week. It is called Mr. Blue by Myles Connolly. A kind seminarian gave it me. It is about God and the trial of Christianity in the modern world. It is the story of a man who sells everything, lives in a box and tries to be a good example of the Gospel. Crazy, I know. This book touched me and made me feel a little ashamed. That is good writing.
I was thinking about all of this and how my rather disparate reading habits might fit together. All writers are forgers. Fiction writing forges reality from the raw data of history. Boyne is interesting because his history is all mixed up with what is not real, was never real. He is a forger and a very good one. He doesn’t forge the emotions however. His books, perhaps because he is Irish, leave the readers feeling raw and vulnerable and that, I think, is good.
Forgery is a lost art perhaps. In fiction today, everyone is about realism, but even realism is a kind of forgery. Realism is always “someone’s” realism which attempts to trap us with the belief that it is also ours.
I will stay with fiction. Perhaps William Henry Ireland and John Payne Collier had something going. They wanted to see something and so they made it. Doesn’t fiction do the same?
Anyway, these are some ideas for reading for my weekly reader.
I also saw a film last week that I thought was pretty good called, From Time to Time. It was a children’s film (which is mostly what I can endure these days). It was wonderful. It had Maggie Smith and that little boy from Millions that I can never remember his name. It is based on the children’s series, The Children of Green Knowe. After I saw the film I read the books. It doesn’t take long. Read them or see the film because it is about a wonderful blurring of reality and imagination that is lost today. We have lost or are quickly losing the capacity for imagination. Celebrate it where you can. Make it a part of your weekly reading. -
When I was growing up I had very little opportunity to watch television on Sunday morning. When I did have the occasional chance, I was always intrigued by a show called The Christophers. I am sure none of you remember it. It began in 1954 and, actually, is still running today. The show was about half interviews with Catholic personalities and half dramas showing faith dilemmas. The Christophers was a great show I suppose, but frankly the thing that I remember most about it was its opening title sequence. It started off completely dark and then a candle was lit and a dramatic voice said: It is better to light a candle, than to curse the darkness.
It is better to light a candle, than to curse the darkness.
How appropriate for our feast today.
When we look at our ancestors in faith, curse the darkness they did.
From the sin of Adam, the time of our first parents, in shame the light had been cut off from the world. Wandering in the darkness of the outer Eden, they groped the ragged ground for meaning, they became lost in incomplete relationships, they cursed themselves, they became enslaved, they denied the prophets, they refuted the Law, they sold one another into exile.
So it was, there was nothing but the grave Sheol of the grave that overwhelmed them, wallowing in the memory of creation, but lost, blind to its truth.
This is the legacy of St. Luke’s Gospel, a Judaism old and lost. Zachariah the ancient priest, Elizabeth, his barren wife, Simeon the doddering old man, Anna the widow. They were losing, but they were holding on, hoping that the light extinguished so long ago by their own folly might be restored to them.
And so they haunted the temple, that monument of Herod’s victory and his down fall, they wandered its cold precincts filling their old lungs with the daily stench of burning animals, fractured dreams and hopelessness.
They felt their ways along the walls of its precincts, its wailing walls hoping to pick up some gossip, some shred of good news.
They knew the darkness, knew it intimately in their ancient bones, felt it keen as wind winding across the desert at night, understood it like the loss that had already circumscribed their withering lives.
And then, one day it happened. They appeared, the poor couple from Nazareth, money spent, aching feet for the presentation of their (her) little boy in the Temple, the fulfillment of the Law’s strict code. The teenage mother, the older stepfather and the fat baby, known as Jesus waving his dimpled hands in the air as the whole precinct teemed with action.
Who were they? They were nothing in the world’s eyes, nothing, lowly peasants for whom these isolated visits to the temple were the highpoints of otherwise drear existences.
Mary the mother clutching a candle that she prayed the futile traversals of the temple’s stampeding worshippers would not extinguish.
Joseph, the shield, the protector
And the ever conscious baby, did he know that all of this activity was ultimately about him?
It was then that the old man and the old woman spotted them in the chaos, from the depths of their souls they spotted them, from the longing in their hearts they caught hold of them, from the rolling tide of history they grasped them.
Israel, raw with darkness, tottering on extinction saw in its last moment the flame, the flickering glow of light that looked for the world like a child’s eyes, a baby’s eyes.
From the depth of those eyes shone the light of nations, from his eyes he communicated in a moment to those old folks the history of a people, a shabby people rising to meet God face to face once again, from those eyes the pools of darkness swirled and then were illuminated by the light of Mary’s little candle.
It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.
And it barely made it. From the depths it trembled, as the smoke consumed the pigeons, the poor boy’s offering. The little fire quaked. It might so easily have been lost, but it was not lost.
It’s flame was passed along. Passed over Simeon and Anna to fishermen, anxious to hear a word of Good News.
Passed along to tax collectors lost in the morass of their ill begotten greed.
Given to political pot boilers and doubters and traitors
And there was more beyond the ragged twelve. The light passed to sinners, to Gentiles, to adulterers, the unclean, to politicians, to sorcerers, to hermits, monks, nuns, sisters, brothers, mothers, fathers. It passed on and on.
The light passed down the litany of saints and sinners, holding on, tentatively as flame passed to an unlit column of wax, the work of bees.
It made its way into the halls of power, into house churches, into basilicas, monasteries, humble homes.
It burned its way through the pages of history, a history of ravaging wind that might have stifled it but for its divine temperament.
It burned its way across the barren landscape of human history until he touched the lives of those who continued to cling in the shadow of darkness and shiver in the cold of indifference.
It burned its way over the fields of folly cultivated even in our day with the plowshares of men’s ignorance
It burned and it eradicated bigotry, racism, sexism and all the other isms that plague the human heart.
It burned and lightened lives controlled by the jejune darkness of addiction.
It burned and touched the draperies of turmoil, sending their shards flying aimlessly in the air.
It burned down the corridors of culture and comes to us today.
That flame which wavered in the Temple, that fire which is the very Son of God is here brothers and sisters and now it is a conflagration. It consumes us. It tears at our mantles of indifference that false armor we have composed for ourselves.
It touches us, it opens our hearts, our skin and makes us vulnerable. It wounds us, flays us, but it makes us warmer in a cold world. It gives us light when vision fails.
It passes its brilliance over lives shut off from the hermeneutic of salvation.
It is Christ the light. It is ours today. It surrounds us as it surrounds this altar, drawing us ever nearer to the source of light and tearing away our blindness, our stumbling ineptitude, our spiritual darkness.
Simeon and Anna finally saw him in the Temple. That same temple is opened for us now.That same revelation.
It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.